The Foundation of the City of Krakow
Krakow (Cracow) is one of the most impressive of Poland, famous throughout the world. It is rich in historical monuments: dozens of churches built in the Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque, medieval settlement from the city, the largest place in Central Europe with the "supermarket of the Renaissance" the construction of one of the oldest universities in Europe, based in 1364 (Jagiellonian University), fragments of medieval walls, etc. Krakow was the capital of Poland, 11 the 16th century, so the king of the castle Renaissance Wawel hill towers of the old city. Wawel Hill has been inhabited since the age of stone. Now the city is an educational and cultural center of European significance.
Historians try to explain the phenomenon Foundation of Great Krakow here same in some respects, but the reasons for its founding, is clear and simple for naturalists, especially for a geologist. The reason for human occupation in this place was the geological structure of the region and the consequences of this structure in the evolution of the geomorphology of the Krakow region. In the geological sense, the Krakow is in the narrowest part of the Carpathian foredeep, formed in the shape of the Neogene tectonic depression in the northern foothills of the Carpathians, which has just folded and placed in the north. Neogene Sea Basin in this depression was filled with silt and soft clay, composite materials of the Carpathians mounted. On Later, after the withdrawal of the sea, the depression was covered by Quaternary sand and mud of the River Vistula. Vistula river queen Poland depression used as the best deal to bring water from the Carpathians to the Baltic Sea.
But only in the narrow segment of the foredeep Carpathian Mountains, Krakow, sediments filling the depression is cut by the network of fault lines and removed several tectonic blocks formed by limestone Jurassic hard its substrate through the Neogene Quaternary sediments. And these hills is apparent tectonic Horst overlooking the flat and marshy areas of depression the Neogene and Quaternary rocks. Wawel Hill is one of the highest and most characteristic of them.
Before the founding of the city, the hill Wawel, was surrounded by large meanders and "lazy" Vistula, its tributaries and lakes (fragments of ancient riverbeds) and wetlands. It was a very suitable for settlement since the Stone Age. The first of the Palaeolithic period found its home - a cave in the karst limestone of the Jurassic (at present Dragon's Cave is a cave appear in the King's castle on Wawel Hill). But he and his ancestors during the New Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron and as in the Middle Ages were, of course, also defended by rivers and swamps of the enemies and plunderers. Moreover, the population of the Wawel Hill, does not suffer hunger. When the year is rainy farmers have reaped a good harvest at the top of the hill, but when the soil on the hill was hard and dry, without water, crops were quite good in the marshes of the River. And the rivers will run in fish, regardless of human activity. Vistula was invented and communication also very convenient, trade and transportation before trains and automobiles.
So therefore, the decision to settle and live in the Wawel Hill seemed be obvious to all reasonable people, who came here in historical time. And these support conditions for human life have been stimulated by the lithology of the rocks Jurassic, the tectonic processes and Neogene activity of proto-Vistula river the Pleistocene (Quaternary of age). Therefore, the Wawel Hill in Krakow is one of the most visible examples of Eternal interconnections between man and nature, especially in inanimate nature.
About the Author
Jan Urban (dr) - geologist
Wanne visit Krakow - see Krakow Hotels, accommodation in rakow.
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